Louis, MO) or Thermo Fisher Scientific, Inc. 8.3% without injury to bystander Cama-1 cells (viability was 93.7% 1.0%, p ~ 0.0006). Panc-1 cells treated with targeted KP372-1 Cd-Se QD were only 47.5% viable after RF field exposure (p < 0.0001 compared to RF only Panc-1 control cells). Targeted InGaP QD decreased Panc-1 viability to 58.2% 3.4% after RF field exposure (p ~ 0.0004 compared to Cama-1 and Panc-1 controls). Summary We selectively induced RF field cytotoxicity in Panc-1 cells without injury to bystander Cama-1 cells utilizing EGFR-1 targeted nanoparticles, and shown an interesting bifunctionality of fluorescent nanoparticles as providers for both malignancy cell imaging and treatment. Keywords: quantum dot, nanoparticle, noninvasive radiofrequency field treatment, photothermal therapy, hyperthermic cytotoxicity Intro Nanoparticle-based photodynamic therapy for malignancy has been primarily focused on near-infrared radiation (NIR) because many nanoparticles absorb and launch warmth at these wavelengths. 1, 2. These therapies are limited to superficial lesions as NIR transmission through tissue is definitely minimal.3 Other forms of electromagnetic radiation, including non-ionizing radiofrequency (RF) field radiation, penetrates through biologic tissues readily and without significant toxicity.4 We have previously reported on the use of noninvasive RF fields to induce thermal cytotoxicity in human being and mammalian malignancy cells exposed to targeted stable platinum nanoparticles and carbon nanotubes.5, 6 GPATC3 Malignancy cells endocytose cell surface receptor-specific antibody-conjugated nanoparticles with subsequent intracellular warmth release during shortwave RF field treatment sufficient to produce cellular cytotoxicity.5 The RF treatment device consists of a transmitting plate connected to a RF power generator with a second grounded plate that together capacitively couple samples inside a focused RF field. Platinum nanoparticles heat inside a concentration- and size-dependent linear fashion with this RF field.7 Theranostic nanoparticles, such as fluorescent nanocrystals (i.e. quantum dots), are a category of nanoparticles that are fundamentally changing the way tumor is definitely recognized and treated.8 Such nanoparticles can be targeted to malignant cells via antibody or peptide conjugation and may be used for optical imaging or like a marker for other therapeutic cargo.9C11 Quantum dots in the far reddish region of the visible spectrum permit visualization of focuses on.12 Typically, quantum dots consist of a metal core (~ 5 nm diameter) with an inorganic shell to improve quantum yield.13, 14 Common components of these cores include cadmium-selenide (CdSe) or indium-gallium-phosphide (InGaP). Poly (ethylene glycol) (PEG), additional polymers, proteins, or chemical hydroxylation is often performed to prolong circulating time and to decrease potentially toxic metallic ion launch (i.e., cadmium).15C18 In this work, we investigated an model of mixed cell populations to determine if targeting selected cells with antibody-conjugated quantum dots or 20 nm platinum nanoparticles followed by RF field treatment would get rid of the targeted malignancy cells without injuring bystander cells. Human KP372-1 being Panc-1 cells, a pancreatic carcinoma cell collection, overexpresses EGFR-1 that can be targeted with cetuximab (C225), a monoclonal antibody raised against this cell surface receptor. A human being breast carcinoma cell collection, Cama-1, minimally expresses EGFR-15 and it represents the bystander or non-targeted cells. We hypothesized that 1) like platinum nanoparticles, quantum dots would warmth inside a 13.56 MHz RF field and 2) focusing on nanoparticles (platinum or quantum dot) to cancer cells would result in thermal injury or death to targeted cells after RF field treatment without substantial effect on bystander cells. Materials and Methods Cell lines, cell tradition, antibodies, quantum dots, platinum nanoparticles, and fluorophores Cell lines Panc-1 and KP372-1 Cama-1 were purchased from American Type Tradition Collection (Manassas, VA) and incubated in standard growth conditions (37 C, 5% CO2). During the experiment, all cultures were managed in Dulbecco’s Modified Eagles Medium (DMEM, Mediatech, Inc., Manassas, VA) supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum and 1% penicillin/streptomycin. Experiments were performed in standard 60 mm tradition dishes or 96 well plates (Corning Inc., Corning, NY). The cell collection identities were confirmed from the Characterized Cell Collection Core services (STR DNA fingerprinting, M.D. Anderson Malignancy Center, Houston, TX, April 2009). Trypsin-EDTA (Mediatech, Inc., Manassas, VA) released cells from your cell culture dishes while 0.5 mg/mL collagenase I (Invitrogen Corp., Carlsbad, CA) was added to the trypsin-EDTA means to fix free cells from your 96 well plates. Cetuximab (C225) was purchased from Bristol-Myers Squibb (New York, NY). Twenty nanometer spherical platinum nanoparticles (AuNP) were purchased from Ted Pella, Inc. (Redding, CA). Antibody conjugation packages for CdSe centered quantum dots Qdot 605 (QD605) and Qdot705 (QD705), and the fluorophore Alexa Fluor 647 (AF647), were purchased from Invitrogen Corp. (Carlsbad, CA). The InGaP centered quantum dot eFluor NC700 (NC700) was purchased from eBioscience,.